Category Archives: Study

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Nunavut
  Established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories. Legislative Assembly chooses a premier and ministers by consensus. Population is 85% Inuit.
• Canadian Rangers
  The Canadian Rangers are part of the Canadian Forces Reserves (militia). They use indigenous knowledge and experience to patrol and exercise Canadian sovereignty in Canada's vast north.
• Saskatchewan
  Once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and "wheat province". Has 40% of all farming (arable) land in Canada. Also has lots of uranium and potash. Home to the RCMP's training depot.
• Northwest Territories
  Yellowknife is known as the "diamond capital of North America". Made up in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. More than half the population is Aboriginal (Dene, Inuit, and Metis).
• Alberta
  Most populous prairie province. Has five national parks. Canada's largest producer of oil and gas. Also, famous for its agriculture and beef cattle.
• The West Coast
  This region consists of only one province: British Columbia. "Gateway to the Pacific." Forestry, mining, fishing, and fruit growing are all important. High Asian populations. Victoria, not Vancouver, is the capital.
• Manitoba
  Agriculture, mining, and hydro-electricity are the most important industries. Winnipeg is the largest city, and the capital. Manitoba has significant numbers of Francophones, Ukrainian-Canadians, and Aboriginals.
• Northern Territories
  The Northern Territories consist of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. They make up one third of Canada's size, but only 100,000 people live there. "Land of the Midnight Sun."
• The Prairie Provinces
  Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta are the Prairie Provinces. They contain some of the best farming land in the world.
• Yukon
  Gold rush in 1890s. Mining is still important part of economy. Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature in Canada: -63 degrees Celsius.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Canada Day
  July 1
• Vimy Day
  April 9. To remember the victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917.
• Victoria Cross
  The Victoria Cross (V.C.) is the top award for bravery in Canada. It was originally awarded as a British war medal and continues today in the Canadian honours system. 96 Canadians have earned the V.C. since 1854.
• Boxing Day
  December 26
• Canadian honours
  For many years, Canadians used British honours. In 1967, a Canadian system was introduced. The Order of Canada is the top honour. There are orders, decorations, and medals.
• Royal Anthem
  The Royal Anthem, God Save the Queen, is played or sung when Canadians want to honour the Sovereign.
• Victoria Day
  The Monday before May 25 (Sovereign's birthday).
• Christmas Day
  December 25
• Remembrance Day
  November 11. Fighting ended in the First World War on November 11, 1918.
• National Anthem
  O Canada was officially made the national anthem in 1980. The French and English words have different meanings.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Dr. John A. Hopps
  Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker, which is used to help people with heart problems.
• Reginald Fessenden
  Fessenden sent the first wireless radio voice message in the world.
• Rick Hansen
  In 1985, Rick Hansen circled the globe in his wheelchair to raise money for spinal cord research.
• Sir Sanford Fleming
  Invented the worldwide system of standard time zones.
• Matthew Evans and Henry Woodward
  Invented the first electric light bulb. They sold the patent to Thomas Edison, who was very successful at selling light bulbs.
• Dr. Wilder Penfield
  Dr. Penfield was a pioneering brain surgeon. He was know as, "the greatest living Canadian."
• Wayne Gretzky
  He is one of the greatest hockey players of all time. He played for the Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988.
• Terry Fox Run
  Every year around the world, people take part in the Terry Fox Run to raise money for cancer research.
• Joseph-Armand Bombardier
  Inventor of the snowmobile.
• Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie
  Co-owners of Research In Motion, the company that invented the Blackberry.
• SPAR Aerospace / National Research Council
  Invented the Canadarm, a robotic arm that is used the exploration of outer space.
• Terry Fox
  Terry Fox began a "Marathon of Hope". He tried to run across Canada. He did not finish his run because he died of cancer.
• Alexander Graham Bell
  Inventor of the telephone.
• Basketball
  Basketball was invented by James Naismith in1891.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Dirty Thirties
  This was a difficult time for the economy in much of the world. Unemployment in Canada reached 27%, and there was very little rain, making conditions even worse for western farmers. Immigration to Canada was very low.
• Remembrance Day
  November 11 is Remembrance Day. We remember people who have served Canada in the military, and the more than 110,000 who have died.
• People who fought for women's right to vote
  These people were called "Suffragettes".
• Poppy
  The Poppy is a symbol of remembrance because these flowers grow wild where much of the fighting in the First World War happened.
• Bank of Canada
  The Bank of Canada was created in 1934 to bring stability to the Canadian economy.
• British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
  This was a plan where Commonwealth aircrews from around the world came to train in Canada.
• World War II
  The Second World War lasted from 1939 to 1945. Canada was part of many important battles, such as the defence of Hong Kong, the Dieppe raid, the liberation of Italy, and the D-Day invasion; Canada captured Juno beach.
• In Flanders Fields
  This is a poem that was written by Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae in 1915. It is often read out loud on Remembrance Day.
• Women get the Vote
  Most Canadian women over the age of 21 were given the vote in 1918.
• Roaring Twenties
  The 1920s were a time of economic boom in Canada. This boom ended in 1929 when the stock market crashed.
• Japanese Internment Camps
  During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadians had their property taken from them, and they were placed in prison camps. The government apologized in 1988.
• British Commonwealth of Nations
  This is a voluntary organization made up of countries that have historical connections to Britain; the Commonwealth replaced the British Empire.
• Social Programs
  Minimum wage laws, standard work week laws, and unemployment insurance were created to help people survive difficult economic times.
• Royal Canadian Navy
  The Royal Canadian Navy protected ships taking supplies and soldiers from North America to Europe. At the end of the Second World War, Canada had the third-largest navy in the world.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• 1869 Rebellion
  Louis Riel led a rebellion against the government when Canada took over Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company because the Metis people were not part of the process.
• Battle of Vimy Ridge, 1917
  A major victory for Canada and the British Empire. The first time all Canadians had fought under Canadian command. Often considered "The Birth of a Nation."
• 1885 Rebellion
  Louis Riel again fought against the government when Canada extended its control further west. Riel was hanged for treason. Many consider him a hero of Metis rights.
• Boer War
  Properly called the South African War, over 7,000 Canadians volunteered to serve in this war.
• World War I
  Canadians were a major part of the British army during the First World War. Fighting lasted from 1914 to 1918.
• Head Tax
  Chinese who wanted to bring their families to Canada had to pay a race-based tax. This tax was made to keep Chinese out of Canada. The government apologized for this in 2006.
• Dates that Provinces and Territories joined Canada
  1867-Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick; 1870-Manitoba, Northwest Territories; 1871-British Columbia; 1873-PEI; 1880-Arctic Islands transferred to NWT; 1898-Yukon Territory; 1905-Alberta, Saskatchewan; 1949-Newfoundland; 1999-Nunavut
• NWMP
  The North West Mounted Police (NWMP) were created in 1873 to help control the west. The name was later changed to Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP); their common nickname: Mounties.
• Sir George-Etienne Cartier
  Sir George-Etienne Cartier was the most important Father of Confederation from Quebec.
• 1870: Manitoba
  Partly in response to Riel and unhappy Metis, the province of Manitoba was created.
• CPR
  The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was a powerful symbol of national unity. It was mostly built by European and Chinese workers.
• 1890s to early 1900s
  This was a time of a major economic boom for Canada. One million British and one million Americans immigrated to Canada during these years. There was also major immigration to the west of Canada.
• 1885 Railway
  The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was completed. This was a powerful symbol of national unity. The last spike was put in by Donald Smith, Lord Strathcona, the director of the CPR.
• Canada's first Prime Minister
  Canada's first Prime Minister was Sir John A. MacDonald. His portrait is on the $10 bill.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Dominion of Canada is born
  The British Parliament passed the British North America Act in 1867. This created the Dominion of Canada. Until 1982, Canadians celebrated "Dominion Day" on July 1.
• Responsible Government
  A system of government where the government must resign if it loses the support of the representatives who were elected by the people.
• First British North American colonies to have responsible government
  Nova Scotia (1847-48), Province of Canada (1848-49.)
• Canada's name change
  In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was created. Until 1982, Canadians celebrated "Dominion Day" on July 1. We now call it "Canada Day".
• Why the USA attacked Canada in 1812
  The USA started the War of 1812 as a way to get back at Britain for interfering with their ships.
• Main reason for exploration and development of transportation routes
  The main reason for much of the exploration of Canada was the development of the fur trade.
• Upper and Lower Canada were united as the Province of Canada
  1840
• 1837-38
  The years that there were rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The rebels wanted more political power for Canadians.
• Confederation Meetings
  From 1864 to 1867, leaders from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada met to plan Confederation.
• Federal system of government
  Each province has its own legislature, and there is a federal government for issues that affect all Canadians.
• Lasting effects of the War of 1812
  1) Some of the current Canada/USA border was decided at the end of the war. 2) The war ensured that Canada would remain separate from the USA.
• Canada's early economy
  Canada's early economy was based on farming, fur, fish, and timber (wood).
• Canadian heroes of War of 1812
  Chief Tecumseh (Shawnee Aboriginal), Sir Isaac Brock (British Major General), Charles de Salaberry (French-Canadian Lieutenant-Colonel), Robert Ross (British Major-General), Laura Secord (pioneer wife and mother).
• Lord Durham
  After the rebellions of 1837-38, Lord Durham recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be joined, and that they be given responsible government.
• Hudson's Bay Company
  The name of the company that eventually dominated the fur trade in Canada.
• Laura Secord
  Made a 19 mile journey to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack in 1813.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Rights given in the Quebec Act
  Religious freedom and the right to hold office for Catholics. French civil law restored.
• First Europeans to visit North America
  The Vikings made a settlement in l'Anse aux Meadows
• Why were Aboriginals called "Indians"?
  The first Europeans thought that they had landed in the East Indies.
• The major economic reason for the exploration of Canada
  The fur trade was the most important economic activity in Canada for many, many years.
• How Canada got its name
  Jacques Cartier heard two Iroquois speaking to each other about "kanata" - a "village".
• The British conquer New France at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham
  In 1759, General James Wolfe's British army defeated the French army of the Marquis de Montcalm, and claimed Canada for Britain. Both commanders died.
• The Quebec Act (date)
  In 1774, the Quebec Act guaranteed the French certain rights, even though they were living under British rule.
• Underground Railway
  The name given to the network of people who helped escaped slaves escape to freedom in Canada.
• First representative assemblies in Canada
  Nova Scotia, 1758; Prince Edward Island, 1773; New Brunswick , 1785.
• Beginning of major European exploration
  John Cabot began exploring in 1497. He was the first person to draw a map of Canada's East Coast.
• Quebec City founded
  Samuel de Champlain started building Quebec city in 1608.
• Constitutional Act (1791)
  Created Upper Canada (later Ontario) and Lower Canada (later Quebec). Also created elected legislative assemblies. The name "Canada" become official.
• Hudson's Bay Company
  The Hudson's Bay Company was given the right to trade in all of the land that drained into Hudson Bay by King Charles II.
• Jacques Cartier
  Jacques Cartier made three trips to Canada between 1534 and 1542. He claimed the land for the King of France.
• Names for French fur traders
  Voyageurs and Coureurs des bois (Runners of the Woods)
• United Empire Loyalists
  These were the people who left the USA after the American Revolution because they wanted to keep their connection with Britain.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Great Lakes
  The Great Lakes are: Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan (in the USA) and Lake Superior, which is the largest freshwater lake in the world.
• Provinces and Territories
  Canada has ten provinces and three territories. (You should know your capital city, as well as Canada's capital city, Ottawa!)
• Nova Scotia
  Most populous (most people) Atlantic province. "Gateway to Canada". Closely linked to shipbuilding, fishing, and shipping. Halifax is Canada's largest east coast port. Home to Canada's largest naval base.
• Canada's oceans
  Canada is bordered by three oceans. The Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north.
• New Brunswick
  Situated in Appalachian (mountain) Range. Founded by United Empire Loyalists. Forestry, agriculture, fishing, mining, food processing, and tourism are important for the economy. Canada's only officially bilingual province.
• Quebec
  More than three quarter of Quebecers are francophone. Forestry, energy, pulp and paper, hydro-electricity, and mining are important industries. Montreal is the largest city.
• Toronto
  Toronto is the largest city in Canada, and it is the capital city of Ontario, but it is not the capital city of Canada; the capital city of Canada is Ottawa.
• National Capital Region
  Ottawa was chosen as the capital of Canada in 1857 by Queen Victoria.
• Canada's population
  Canada's population is approximately 34 million people. Most Canadians live in cities, but Canadians also live in small towns and rural areas.
• Newfoundland
  The most easterly point in North America. Has its own time zone. Strong historical links to the sea. Today, offshore oil and gas are important parts of the economy, as is hydro-electricity.
• Canada's regions
  Canada has five regions. The Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, the Prairie Provinces, the West Coast, and the Northern Territories.
• The Atlantic provinces
  Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick are the Atlantic provinces.
• Prince Edward Island
  Smallest province. Known for its red soil and growing potatoes. First meetings about Confederation were held in Charlottetown. ("Birthplace of Confederation".) Famous for Anne of Green Gables, by Lucy Maud Montgomery.
• Ontario
  More than one third of Canadians live in Ontario. Toronto is Canada's largest city. Manufacturing, wines and fruit crops, cattle, poultry, agriculture, and services are important parts of the economy.
• Central Canada
  Central Canada is made up of Ontario and Quebec. More than half of the people in Canada live in this region.
• Canada's size
  Canada is the second-largest country in the world - 10 million square kilometres.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Canada's largest trading partner
  Canada and the USA are each other's largest trading partner. We have the largest bilateral (two-way) trading relationship in the world. 75% of Canadian exports go to the USA.
• Manufacturing industries
  These industries make and sell products in Canada and around the world. Canada manufactures paper, high tech equipment, aerospace technology, vehicles, machinery, food, clothing, and other products.
• G8
  Canada is part of the G8 group of leading industrialized countries, along with the USA, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Japan, and Russia.
• Service industries
  More than 75% of Canadians work in service industries. These are industries such as transportation, education, healthcare, construction, retail services, tourism, and government.
• Canada's main path to economic prosperity
  Canada has always been, and continues to be, a trading nation.
• NAFTA
  In 1994, Mexico, the USA and Canada joined together to make the North American Free Trade Agreement.
• Size of Canada's economy
  Canada has one of the top ten economies in the world.
• Natural resources
  Natural resources played an important role in Canada's history, and continue to be important today. Forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining, and energy are all important.
• Canadian-American border
  Canada and the USA share "the world's longest undefended border".
• Free Trade with the USA
  Canada entered into a free trade agreement with the USA in 1988.

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

• Parliament Buildings
  They were completed in the 1860s. The centre block was destroyed by fire in 1916, and rebuilt in 1922. The library is the only original part still standing.
• A mari usque ad mare
  This is Canada's official motto. It is in Latin. In English, it means "from sea to sea".
• Peace Tower
  The Peace Tower was completed in 1922, and was named to honour the memory of the First World War.
• Curling
  This is a popular winter sport. It originated in Scotland.
• Canadian Football
  This is the second most popular sport in Canada.
• Official Languages Act
  This act has three goals: 1) equality between English and French in the government, 2) maintain official language minority communities, and 3) promote equality between these languages.
• Soccer
  Soccer has more registered players than any other sport in Canada.
• Beaver
  The beaver has been the symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company for centuries. It is also on the five-cent coin.
• Clarkson Cup
  The top prize for women's hockey in Canada. It was donated by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson in 2005.
• Canada's national colours
  Canada's national colours have officially been red and white since 1922.
• Fleur-de-lys
  This flower ("Lily" in English) was a symbol of French kings for more than 1000 years. In Canada today, it is most often used to represent Quebec.
• Stanley Cup
  The top prize for men's hockey in the National Hockey League. It was donated by the Governor General, Lord Stanley, in 1892.
• Memorial Chamber
  This room in the Peace Tower contains the Book of Remembrance, which has the names of the soldiers, sailors, and airmen who died while serving Canada.
• Lacrosse
  Lacrosse is an ancient Aboriginal sport, and is Canada's official summer sport.
• Red Ensign flag
  The Red Ensign flag was used as a semi-official flag for about 100 years. It contains symbols of France, Scotland, England, Ireland, and the maple leaf for Canada.
• The Canadian Crown
  The crown has been a symbol of the state (country) for 400 years. The crown is a symbol of government, the courts, police services, and the Canadian Forces (military).
• Maple Leaf flag
  The Maple Leaf flag was first used in 1965. Its design is based on the flag of the Royal Military College in Kingston, Ontario.
• Maple Leaf
  The maple leaf has been a symbol since the 1700s. It has been on Canadian military uniforms since the 1850s, and is on the headstones of fallen Canadian soldiers.
• Coat of Arms
  A coat of arms is a special design with much symbolism. Canada's coat of arms is on our paper money, government documents, and public buildings.
• National winter sport
  Hockey