Unit 10 Flashcards Part 2

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Alberta
    Most populous prairie province. Has five national parks. Canada's largest producer of oil and gas. Also, famous for its agriculture and beef cattle.
  • Nunavut
    Established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories. Legislative Assembly chooses a premier and ministers by consensus. Population is 85% Inuit.
  • The West Coast
    This region consists of only one province: British Columbia. "Gateway to the Pacific." Forestry, mining, fishing, and fruit growing are all important. High Asian populations. Victoria, not Vancouver, is the capital.
  • Yukon
    Gold rush in 1890s. Mining is still important part of economy. Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature in Canada: -63 degrees Celsius.
  • Canadian Rangers
    The Canadian Rangers are part of the Canadian Forces Reserves (militia). They use indigenous knowledge and experience to patrol and exercise Canadian sovereignty in Canada's vast north.
  • Northwest Territories
    Yellowknife is known as the "diamond capital of North America". Made up in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. More than half the population is Aboriginal (Dene, Inuit, and Metis).
  • The Prairie Provinces
    Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta are the Prairie Provinces. They contain some of the best farming land in the world.
  • Northern Territories
    The Northern Territories consist of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. They make up one third of Canada's size, but only 100,000 people live there. "Land of the Midnight Sun."
  • Saskatchewan
    Once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and "wheat province". Has 40% of all farming (arable) land in Canada. Also has lots of uranium and potash. Home to the RCMP's training depot.
  • Manitoba
    Agriculture, mining, and hydro-electricity are the most important industries. Winnipeg is the largest city, and the capital. Manitoba has significant numbers of Francophones, Ukrainian-Canadians, and Aboriginals.

Unit 8 Flashcards Part 2

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Christmas Day
    December 25
  • Remembrance Day
    November 11. Fighting ended in the First World War on November 11, 1918.
  • Canada Day
    July 1
  • Canadian honours
    For many years, Canadians used British honours. In 1967, a Canadian system was introduced. The Order of Canada is the top honour. There are orders, decorations, and medals.
  • National Anthem
    O Canada was officially made the national anthem in 1980. The French and English words have different meanings.
  • Royal Anthem
    The Royal Anthem, God Save the Queen, is played or sung when Canadians want to honour the Sovereign.
  • Boxing Day
    December 26
  • Victoria Cross
    The Victoria Cross (V.C.) is the top award for bravery in Canada. It was originally awarded as a British war medal and continues today in the Canadian honours system. 96 Canadians have earned the V.C. since 1854.
  • Victoria Day
    The Monday before May 25 (Sovereign's birthday).
  • Vimy Day
    April 9. To remember the victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917.

Unit 4 Flashcards Part 2

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Sir Sanford Fleming
    Invented the worldwide system of standard time zones.
  • Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie
    Co-owners of Research In Motion, the company that invented the Blackberry.
  • Dr. Wilder Penfield
    Dr. Penfield was a pioneering brain surgeon. He was know as, "the greatest living Canadian."
  • Wayne Gretzky
    He is one of the greatest hockey players of all time. He played for the Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988.
  • Rick Hansen
    In 1985, Rick Hansen circled the globe in his wheelchair to raise money for spinal cord research.
  • Basketball
    Basketball was invented by James Naismith in1891.
  • SPAR Aerospace / National Research Council
    Invented the Canadarm, a robotic arm that is used the exploration of outer space.
  • Joseph-Armand Bombardier
    Inventor of the snowmobile.
  • Terry Fox Run
    Every year around the world, people take part in the Terry Fox Run to raise money for cancer research.
  • Matthew Evans and Henry Woodward
    Invented the first electric light bulb. They sold the patent to Thomas Edison, who was very successful at selling light bulbs.
  • Terry Fox
    Terry Fox began a "Marathon of Hope". He tried to run across Canada. He did not finish his run because he died of cancer.
  • Reginald Fessenden
    Fessenden sent the first wireless radio voice message in the world.
  • Dr. John A. Hopps
    Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker, which is used to help people with heart problems.
  • Alexander Graham Bell
    Inventor of the telephone.

Unit 3 Flashcards Part 4

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • World War II
    The Second World War lasted from 1939 to 1945. Canada was part of many important battles, such as the defence of Hong Kong, the Dieppe raid, the liberation of Italy, and the D-Day invasion; Canada captured Juno beach.
  • Poppy
    The Poppy is a symbol of remembrance because these flowers grow wild where much of the fighting in the First World War happened.
  • British Commonwealth of Nations
    This is a voluntary organization made up of countries that have historical connections to Britain; the Commonwealth replaced the British Empire.
  • Japanese Internment Camps
    During the Second World War, many Japanese-Canadians had their property taken from them, and they were placed in prison camps. The government apologized in 1988.
  • British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
    This was a plan where Commonwealth aircrews from around the world came to train in Canada.
  • Roaring Twenties
    The 1920s were a time of economic boom in Canada. This boom ended in 1929 when the stock market crashed.
  • Dirty Thirties
    This was a difficult time for the economy in much of the world. Unemployment in Canada reached 27%, and there was very little rain, making conditions even worse for western farmers. Immigration to Canada was very low.
  • Remembrance Day
    November 11 is Remembrance Day. We remember people who have served Canada in the military, and the more than 110,000 who have died.
  • People who fought for women's right to vote
    These people were called "Suffragettes".
  • Royal Canadian Navy
    The Royal Canadian Navy protected ships taking supplies and soldiers from North America to Europe. At the end of the Second World War, Canada had the third-largest navy in the world.
  • Women get the Vote
    Most Canadian women over the age of 21 were given the vote in 1918.
  • Social Programs
    Minimum wage laws, standard work week laws, and unemployment insurance were created to help people survive difficult economic times.
  • Bank of Canada
    The Bank of Canada was created in 1934 to bring stability to the Canadian economy.
  • In Flanders Fields
    This is a poem that was written by Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae in 1915. It is often read out loud on Remembrance Day.

Unit 3 Flashcards Part 3

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • 1869 Rebellion
    Louis Riel led a rebellion against the government when Canada took over Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company because the Metis people were not part of the process.
  • NWMP
    The North West Mounted Police (NWMP) were created in 1873 to help control the west. The name was later changed to Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP); their common nickname: Mounties.
  • Battle of Vimy Ridge, 1917
    A major victory for Canada and the British Empire. The first time all Canadians had fought under Canadian command. Often considered "The Birth of a Nation."
  • Canada's first Prime Minister
    Canada's first Prime Minister was Sir John A. MacDonald. His portrait is on the $10 bill.
  • Dates that Provinces and Territories joined Canada
    1867-Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick; 1870-Manitoba, Northwest Territories; 1871-British Columbia; 1873-PEI; 1880-Arctic Islands transferred to NWT; 1898-Yukon Territory; 1905-Alberta, Saskatchewan; 1949-Newfoundland; 1999-Nunavut
  • 1885 Rebellion
    Louis Riel again fought against the government when Canada extended its control further west. Riel was hanged for treason. Many consider him a hero of Metis rights.
  • 1885 Railway
    The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was completed. This was a powerful symbol of national unity. The last spike was put in by Donald Smith, Lord Strathcona, the director of the CPR.
  • Boer War
    Properly called the South African War, over 7,000 Canadians volunteered to serve in this war.
  • World War I
    Canadians were a major part of the British army during the First World War. Fighting lasted from 1914 to 1918.
  • Head Tax
    Chinese who wanted to bring their families to Canada had to pay a race-based tax. This tax was made to keep Chinese out of Canada. The government apologized for this in 2006.
  • 1870: Manitoba
    Partly in response to Riel and unhappy Metis, the province of Manitoba was created.
  • Sir George-Etienne Cartier
    Sir George-Etienne Cartier was the most important Father of Confederation from Quebec.
  • 1890s to early 1900s
    This was a time of a major economic boom for Canada. One million British and one million Americans immigrated to Canada during these years. There was also major immigration to the west of Canada.
  • CPR
    The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was a powerful symbol of national unity. It was mostly built by European and Chinese workers.

Unit 3 Flashcards Part 2

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Responsible Government
    A system of government where the government must resign if it loses the support of the representatives who were elected by the people.
  • Dominion of Canada is born
    The British Parliament passed the British North America Act in 1867. This created the Dominion of Canada. Until 1982, Canadians celebrated "Dominion Day" on July 1.
  • Lasting effects of the War of 1812
    1) Some of the current Canada/USA border was decided at the end of the war. 2) The war ensured that Canada would remain separate from the USA.
  • Laura Secord
    Made a 19 mile journey to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack in 1813.
  • Hudson's Bay Company
    The name of the company that eventually dominated the fur trade in Canada.
  • Main reason for exploration and development of transportation routes
    The main reason for much of the exploration of Canada was the development of the fur trade.
  • First British North American colonies to have responsible government
    Nova Scotia (1847-48), Province of Canada (1848-49.)
  • Confederation Meetings
    From 1864 to 1867, leaders from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada met to plan Confederation.
  • Lord Durham
    After the rebellions of 1837-38, Lord Durham recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be joined, and that they be given responsible government.
  • 1837-38
    The years that there were rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The rebels wanted more political power for Canadians.
  • Canada's name change
    In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was created. Until 1982, Canadians celebrated "Dominion Day" on July 1. We now call it "Canada Day".
  • Federal system of government
    Each province has its own legislature, and there is a federal government for issues that affect all Canadians.
  • Upper and Lower Canada were united as the Province of Canada
    1840
  • Canadian heroes of War of 1812
    Chief Tecumseh (Shawnee Aboriginal), Sir Isaac Brock (British Major General), Charles de Salaberry (French-Canadian Lieutenant-Colonel), Robert Ross (British Major-General), Laura Secord (pioneer wife and mother).
  • Canada's early economy
    Canada's early economy was based on farming, fur, fish, and timber (wood).
  • Why the USA attacked Canada in 1812
    The USA started the War of 1812 as a way to get back at Britain for interfering with their ships.

Unit 3 Flashcards Part 1

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Jacques Cartier
    Jacques Cartier made three trips to Canada between 1534 and 1542. He claimed the land for the King of France.
  • Beginning of major European exploration
    John Cabot began exploring in 1497. He was the first person to draw a map of Canada's East Coast.
  • The Quebec Act (date)
    In 1774, the Quebec Act guaranteed the French certain rights, even though they were living under British rule.
  • United Empire Loyalists
    These were the people who left the USA after the American Revolution because they wanted to keep their connection with Britain.
  • Quebec City founded
    Samuel de Champlain started building Quebec city in 1608.
  • Why were Aboriginals called "Indians"?
    The first Europeans thought that they had landed in the East Indies.
  • Hudson's Bay Company
    The Hudson's Bay Company was given the right to trade in all of the land that drained into Hudson Bay by King Charles II.
  • The major economic reason for the exploration of Canada
    The fur trade was the most important economic activity in Canada for many, many years.
  • Rights given in the Quebec Act
    Religious freedom and the right to hold office for Catholics. French civil law restored.
  • Names for French fur traders
    Voyageurs and Coureurs des bois (Runners of the Woods)
  • First representative assemblies in Canada
    Nova Scotia, 1758; Prince Edward Island, 1773; New Brunswick , 1785.
  • Underground Railway
    The name given to the network of people who helped escaped slaves escape to freedom in Canada.
  • First Europeans to visit North America
    The Vikings made a settlement in l'Anse aux Meadows
  • How Canada got its name
    Jacques Cartier heard two Iroquois speaking to each other about "kanata" - a "village".
  • The British conquer New France at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham
    In 1759, General James Wolfe's British army defeated the French army of the Marquis de Montcalm, and claimed Canada for Britain. Both commanders died.
  • Constitutional Act (1791)
    Created Upper Canada (later Ontario) and Lower Canada (later Quebec). Also created elected legislative assemblies. The name "Canada" become official.

Unit 10 Flashcards Part 1

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Great Lakes
    The Great Lakes are: Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan (in the USA) and Lake Superior, which is the largest freshwater lake in the world.
  • Canada's regions
    Canada has five regions. The Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, the Prairie Provinces, the West Coast, and the Northern Territories.
  • Ontario
    More than one third of Canadians live in Ontario. Toronto is Canada's largest city. Manufacturing, wines and fruit crops, cattle, poultry, agriculture, and services are important parts of the economy.
  • Nova Scotia
    Most populous (most people) Atlantic province. "Gateway to Canada". Closely linked to shipbuilding, fishing, and shipping. Halifax is Canada's largest east coast port. Home to Canada's largest naval base.
  • Provinces and Territories
    Canada has ten provinces and three territories. (You should know your capital city, as well as Canada's capital city, Ottawa!)
  • Canada's population
    Canada's population is approximately 34 million people. Most Canadians live in cities, but Canadians also live in small towns and rural areas.
  • Quebec
    More than three quarter of Quebecers are francophone. Forestry, energy, pulp and paper, hydro-electricity, and mining are important industries. Montreal is the largest city.
  • Toronto
    Toronto is the largest city in Canada, and it is the capital city of Ontario, but it is not the capital city of Canada; the capital city of Canada is Ottawa.
  • Central Canada
    Central Canada is made up of Ontario and Quebec. More than half of the people in Canada live in this region.
  • National Capital Region
    Ottawa was chosen as the capital of Canada in 1857 by Queen Victoria.
  • The Atlantic provinces
    Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick are the Atlantic provinces.
  • New Brunswick
    Situated in Appalachian (mountain) Range. Founded by United Empire Loyalists. Forestry, agriculture, fishing, mining, food processing, and tourism are important for the economy. Canada's only officially bilingual province.
  • Newfoundland
    The most easterly point in North America. Has its own time zone. Strong historical links to the sea. Today, offshore oil and gas are important parts of the economy, as is hydro-electricity.
  • Canada's size
    Canada is the second-largest country in the world - 10 million square kilometres.
  • Canada's oceans
    Canada is bordered by three oceans. The Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Arctic Ocean in the north.
  • Prince Edward Island
    Smallest province. Known for its red soil and growing potatoes. First meetings about Confederation were held in Charlottetown. ("Birthplace of Confederation".) Famous for Anne of Green Gables, by Lucy Maud Montgomery.

Unit 9 Flashcards

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • G8
    Canada is part of the G8 group of leading industrialized countries, along with the USA, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Japan, and Russia.
  • Canadian-American border
    Canada and the USA share "the world's longest undefended border".
  • Canada's largest trading partner
    Canada and the USA are each other's largest trading partner. We have the largest bilateral (two-way) trading relationship in the world. 75% of Canadian exports go to the USA.
  • Canada's main path to economic prosperity
    Canada has always been, and continues to be, a trading nation.
  • NAFTA
    In 1994, Mexico, the USA and Canada joined together to make the North American Free Trade Agreement.
  • Free Trade with the USA
    Canada entered into a free trade agreement with the USA in 1988.
  • Natural resources
    Natural resources played an important role in Canada's history, and continue to be important today. Forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining, and energy are all important.
  • Size of Canada's economy
    Canada has one of the top ten economies in the world.
  • Manufacturing industries
    These industries make and sell products in Canada and around the world. Canada manufactures paper, high tech equipment, aerospace technology, vehicles, machinery, food, clothing, and other products.
  • Service industries
    More than 75% of Canadians work in service industries. These are industries such as transportation, education, healthcare, construction, retail services, tourism, and government.

Unit 8 Flashcards Part 1

Read the words on the card. Think about what they mean or refer to. When you want to check your answer, click on the card to see the other side. All terms and dates will appear every time you load this page, but the order of the cards will change every time. The information on these flashcards will help you remember the information from the Learn section of this website. By itself, the information on the cards is not enough to prepare you for the real test.

  • Memorial Chamber
    This room in the Peace Tower contains the Book of Remembrance, which has the names of the soldiers, sailors, and airmen who died while serving Canada.
  • Red Ensign flag
    The Red Ensign flag was used as a semi-official flag for about 100 years. It contains symbols of France, Scotland, England, Ireland, and the maple leaf for Canada.
  • Parliament Buildings
    They were completed in the 1860s. The centre block was destroyed by fire in 1916, and rebuilt in 1922. The library is the only original part still standing.
  • National winter sport
    Hockey
  • Clarkson Cup
    The top prize for women's hockey in Canada. It was donated by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson in 2005.
  • Beaver
    The beaver has been the symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company for centuries. It is also on the five-cent coin.
  • A mari usque ad mare
    This is Canada's official motto. It is in Latin. In English, it means "from sea to sea".
  • Maple Leaf
    The maple leaf has been a symbol since the 1700s. It has been on Canadian military uniforms since the 1850s, and is on the headstones of fallen Canadian soldiers.
  • Canadian Football
    This is the second most popular sport in Canada.
  • Peace Tower
    The Peace Tower was completed in 1922, and was named to honour the memory of the First World War.
  • Lacrosse
    Lacrosse is an ancient Aboriginal sport, and is Canada's official summer sport.
  • Soccer
    Soccer has more registered players than any other sport in Canada.
  • Maple Leaf flag
    The Maple Leaf flag was first used in 1965. Its design is based on the flag of the Royal Military College in Kingston, Ontario.
  • Fleur-de-lys
    This flower ("Lily" in English) was a symbol of French kings for more than 1000 years. In Canada today, it is most often used to represent Quebec.
  • The Canadian Crown
    The crown has been a symbol of the state (country) for 400 years. The crown is a symbol of government, the courts, police services, and the Canadian Forces (military).
  • Canada's national colours
    Canada's national colours have officially been red and white since 1922.
  • Official Languages Act
    This act has three goals: 1) equality between English and French in the government, 2) maintain official language minority communities, and 3) promote equality between these languages.
  • Curling
    This is a popular winter sport. It originated in Scotland.
  • Stanley Cup
    The top prize for men's hockey in the National Hockey League. It was donated by the Governor General, Lord Stanley, in 1892.
  • Coat of Arms
    A coat of arms is a special design with much symbolism. Canada's coat of arms is on our paper money, government documents, and public buildings.